My mother mentioned the mandle/mandel/whatever mystery to one of her friends, who said that her son had a mandle tree. She duly took a cutting off it and gave it to my mother. So here it is:

Does that look familiar to anyone? I think it looks a bit like a passionfruit, maybe. I don't know. Mum's friend didn't know anything more about them; not even if her son ate them. So we can't really declare that mystery solved.
There was an article in today's paper about a 'billionaire Florida polo mogul'. That's quite a collection of words, isn't it? How do you go about being a polo mogul, do you think? Is it something I could do? This particular billionaire Florida polo mogul, aged 48, has adopted his 42-year-old girlfriend. It's a financial dodge, obviously. I'm surprised it's even possible to adopt an adult.
I have moved on to my next old book:
Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions: Volume 1 by Charles Mackay (1841). It's a retelling of some of the biggest financial scandals back in the day. I think we all know what my next few entries are going to be about. Tulip fever and the South Sea Bubble are in the contents list. I know what the South Sea Bubble was – I've written essays about it – but whenever I see it written I imagine a big bubble floating off an island. I bet everyone else does too. Look out, it's the South Sea Bubble! It's possibly the thing they shoot those Coca Cola commercials in.
Anyway, I've just finished the first popular delusion: the Mississippi Bubble that destroyed the French economy in 1720. People got so excited about the potential success of a company in Louisiana they created hyperinflation in France. Fun times were had by all. John Law (known as Lass to the French), the Scottish chap who was running the bubble, had thousands of people camping outside his house, wanting to sign up as shareholders. A local hump-back made a fortune hiring himself out as a human desk for jobbing stockbrokers on the street. It's good to know French hump-backs had job options other than bell-ringing. A woman who wanted to be a shareholder followed John Lass around in her carriage until an opportune moment, when she ordered her coachman to overturn the carriage. John Lass went to her rescue and she told him, ha-HAH, I just want shares. She got them. Another woman went to a party he was at and shouted that there was a fire; in the chaos, she attempted to get John Lass alone and get shares. She didn't get them.
Eventually the crowd got so big, John Lass had to move into the palace and the stockbrokers were moved to a local park. The prince who owned the park leased them tents, turning over the equivalent of 10,000 pounds sterling a month. That's 1719 money, by the way. Shares were so sought after that people were assassinated for them. The Compte d'Horn stabbed some poor chap for his shares, but was caught, tried and executed within six days. They didn't muck around with lengthy trials back then, did they? He was executed by being broken on the wheel. I don't know what that is (I don't
want to know what that is), but his family appealed for the 'kinder' option of beheading, so it can't have been good.
The palace got so greedy for paper money, they outlawed holding coins. This panicked people, so they started investing in jewels and plate, and smuggling them out of the country. The company turned out not to be as profitable as expected. The bubble burst. France's national debt was 124,000,000 pounds sterling. John Lass, once the hottest ticket in town, couldn't go out without the Swiss guards for protection. His carriage was mobbed in the street. A contemporary report says that a politician was so excited by this he went into parliament and said:
Messieurs! Messiers! Bonne nouvelle!
Le carfosse de Lass est réduit en canelle!He may have said something similar, though I doubt it was quite so poetic. But how much better would modern parliamentary debate be if politicians had to do it in rhyming couplets? They'd certainly be a lot quieter.
Mackay does that thing where when he quotes people, he puts the introductory bit in French, assuming his readers can understand the basics, then changes to English for the complicated part. I get why he does that, but it does sort of give the impression that French people just say 'Bonjour' to each other, then do the real business in English. Apart from that, I like Mackay. His introduction to the book said these bubbles were like a man rowing from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario: the river is wide, the going is good... and then comes the cataract. That is a great image.
As always, old books are educational. Today's new word: 'malversation', or corrupt administration. It's a crime, apparently.